D DEED
FIRMAS
EIDAS · THREE LEVELS
DEED

FIRMAR, EN TRES NIVELES DE SEGURIDAD

La legislación europea reconoce tres tipos de firma electrónica. Deed ofrece los tres y especifica en cada firma cuál ha obtenido. Una firma cuya fuerza no se indica es una firma que alguien exagerará más adelante.

TIER 1 · SIMPLE
Simple electronic signature (SES), eIDAS Article 3(10)

Verified assent. The signer proved control of their email address and agreed in a timestamped record.

WHAT IT PROVES

That someone in control of this email address agreed to these terms at this moment, from this address and this browser.

WHAT IT DOES NOT

It is not uniquely linked to the signatory by a key only they hold, and it is not a qualified signature under eIDAS. A court weighs it as evidence, it is not presumed equivalent to a handwritten signature.

THE EVIDENCE KEPT
  • · One time code sent to the email address and consumed once
  • · Timestamp from the Deed server
  • · IP address and user agent at the moment of signing
  • · The exact text and language the signer was shown
01
TIER 2 · ADVANCED
Advanced electronic signature (AdES), eIDAS Article 26

Uniquely linked to the signatory. A key pair created in the signer's own browser signs the document digest, and a trusted authority timestamps it.

WHAT IT PROVES

That the holder of this private key, verified at this email address, signed exactly this document, and that the signature existed at the time the trusted timestamp authority states. Any later change to the document breaks the digest.

WHAT IT DOES NOT

The identity behind the key was verified by email, not by a qualified certificate issued after identity proofing. That is the line between advanced and qualified, and only a QTSP can cross it.

THE EVIDENCE KEPT
  • · A key pair generated in the signer's browser, private key never leaves the device
  • · SHA-256 digest of the canonical document, signed with ECDSA P-256
  • · The signer's public key, so anyone can verify the signature
  • · RFC 3161 timestamp token from a trusted timestamp authority
  • · A tamper evident sealed PDF carrying all of the above
02
TIER 3 · QUALIFIED
Qualified electronic signature (QES), eIDAS Article 25(2)

Issued by a qualified trust service provider. Legally equivalent to a handwritten signature across the European Union.

WHAT IT PROVES

That an identity proofed person signed with a qualified certificate on a qualified signature creation device. Under Article 25(2) it has the equivalent legal effect of a handwritten signature in every member state.

WHAT IT DOES NOT

Deed does not issue qualified certificates. This tier is completed by a qualified trust service provider through their own identity flow, and Deed records and verifies the result.

THE EVIDENCE KEPT
  • · Identity proofing performed by the qualified provider
  • · Qualified certificate on the EU trusted list
  • · The provider's signed document and validation report, stored against the Deed
TIER 3 · QUALIFIED

Issued by a qualified trust service provider. Legally equivalent to a handwritten signature across the European Union.

03

POR QUÉ SE DETALLA ESTO

La mayoría de las herramientas llaman firma a cualquier cosa y le dejan asumir el significado más fuerte. Esa suposición falla en el único lugar donde importa, que es una disputa. Por eso, cada firma aquí incluye su nivel, las pruebas que la respaldan y una frase clara que indica lo que no demuestra.

CUÁL NECESITA

Para un crédito, un permiso o un acuerdo informal entre personas que confían entre sí, el nivel 1 es suficiente y lleva un minuto. Para dinero, exclusividad o cualquier cosa que no querría volver a litigar, firme en el nivel 2. Para propiedades, actos societarios y cualquier cosa que un registro o un banco deban aceptar, use el nivel 3.

CUALQUIERA PUEDE COMPROBARLO

Una firma de nivel 2 publica el resumen del texto exacto firmado y la clave pública del firmante. Reconstruya el texto, obtenga el hash y compruebe la firma. Si el Deed ha cambiado un solo carácter tras la firma, la comprobación falla y así lo indica.

MINT IT. THEN SIGN IT.

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