D DEED
SIGNATURES
EIDAS · THREE LEVELS
DEED

SIGNER, À TROIS NIVEAUX DE FORCE

Le droit européen reconnaît trois types de signature électronique. Deed propose les trois et indique sur chaque signature celui que vous avez obtenu. Une signature dont la force n'est pas précisée est une signature dont quelqu'un exagérera la valeur plus tard.

TIER 1 · SIMPLE
Simple electronic signature (SES), eIDAS Article 3(10)

Verified assent. The signer proved control of their email address and agreed in a timestamped record.

WHAT IT PROVES

That someone in control of this email address agreed to these terms at this moment, from this address and this browser.

WHAT IT DOES NOT

It is not uniquely linked to the signatory by a key only they hold, and it is not a qualified signature under eIDAS. A court weighs it as evidence, it is not presumed equivalent to a handwritten signature.

THE EVIDENCE KEPT
  • · One time code sent to the email address and consumed once
  • · Timestamp from the Deed server
  • · IP address and user agent at the moment of signing
  • · The exact text and language the signer was shown
01
TIER 2 · ADVANCED
Advanced electronic signature (AdES), eIDAS Article 26

Uniquely linked to the signatory. A key pair created in the signer's own browser signs the document digest, and a trusted authority timestamps it.

WHAT IT PROVES

That the holder of this private key, verified at this email address, signed exactly this document, and that the signature existed at the time the trusted timestamp authority states. Any later change to the document breaks the digest.

WHAT IT DOES NOT

The identity behind the key was verified by email, not by a qualified certificate issued after identity proofing. That is the line between advanced and qualified, and only a QTSP can cross it.

THE EVIDENCE KEPT
  • · A key pair generated in the signer's browser, private key never leaves the device
  • · SHA-256 digest of the canonical document, signed with ECDSA P-256
  • · The signer's public key, so anyone can verify the signature
  • · RFC 3161 timestamp token from a trusted timestamp authority
  • · A tamper evident sealed PDF carrying all of the above
02
TIER 3 · QUALIFIED
Qualified electronic signature (QES), eIDAS Article 25(2)

Issued by a qualified trust service provider. Legally equivalent to a handwritten signature across the European Union.

WHAT IT PROVES

That an identity proofed person signed with a qualified certificate on a qualified signature creation device. Under Article 25(2) it has the equivalent legal effect of a handwritten signature in every member state.

WHAT IT DOES NOT

Deed does not issue qualified certificates. This tier is completed by a qualified trust service provider through their own identity flow, and Deed records and verifies the result.

THE EVIDENCE KEPT
  • · Identity proofing performed by the qualified provider
  • · Qualified certificate on the EU trusted list
  • · The provider's signed document and validation report, stored against the Deed
TIER 3 · QUALIFIED

Issued by a qualified trust service provider. Legally equivalent to a handwritten signature across the European Union.

03

POURQUOI C'EST EXPLICITÉ

La plupart des outils appellent tout « signature » et vous laissent supposer la valeur la plus forte. Cette supposition s'effondre au seul endroit où elle compte, à savoir un litige. Chaque signature comporte donc ici son niveau, la preuve qui la soutient et la phrase claire indiquant ce qu'elle ne prouve pas.

DUQUEL VOUS AVEZ BESOIN

Pour un crédit, une autorisation ou un accord informel entre personnes qui se font confiance, le niveau 1 suffit et prend une minute. Pour de l'argent, une exclusivité ou tout ce que vous ne voudriez pas contester à nouveau au tribunal, signez au niveau 2. Pour de la propriété, des actes de société et tout ce qu'un registre ou une banque doit accepter, utilisez le niveau 3.

TOUT LE MONDE PEUT LA VÉRIFIER

Une signature de niveau 2 publie le condensé du texte exact qui a été signé et la clé publique du signataire. Reconstituez le texte, hachez-le, vérifiez la signature. Si le Deed a changé d'un seul caractère après la signature, la vérification échoue et l'indique.

MINT IT. THEN SIGN IT.

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